Elizabeth f hearn social amnesia6/8/2023 ![]() Hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs) are transient, high-frequency, field oscillations that are typically observed during slow-wave sleep and quiet wakefulness and play a pivotal role in the formation of episodic memories encoded in the hippocampus. In vivo Ca 2+ imaging in freely moving mice revealed that a subset of vCA1 neurons is activated by the presence of familiar mice during social interactions however, how the activities of these social neurons are organized and maintained at the fine temporal resolution necessary for effective memory encoding and recall remains unknown. In particular, the ventral CA1 sub-region of the hippocampus (vCA1) contains neurons that respond to other individuals but not to inanimate objects and has been identified as a key locus for social memory storage. ![]() Several brain regions have been identified as being associated with the experience-dependent encoding of social characteristics in rodents. The ability to recognize and memorize familiar conspecifics is crucial for animals that engage in social interactions. These results suggest that SPW-R-mediated sequential reactivation of neuronal ensembles is a canonical mechanism for coordinating hippocampus-dependent social memories and its disruption underlie the pathophysiology of social memory defects associated with ASD. In ASD model Shank3 knockout mice, the proportion of social memory neurons was reduced, and neuronal ensemble spike sequences during SPW-Rs were disrupted, which correlated with impaired discriminatory social behavior. Spike sequences of these social replays reflected the temporal orders of neuronal activities within theta cycles during social experiences. Here we show that vCA1 social memory neurons, characterized by enhanced activity in response to memorized individuals, were preferentially reactivated during sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs). Although hippocampal ventral CA1 (vCA1) neurons are known to store social memories, how their activities are coordinated remains unclear. doi:10.3389/ ability to remember conspecifics is critical for adaptive cognitive functioning and social communication, and impairments of this ability are hallmarks of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Do false memories look real? Evidence that people struggle to identify rich false memories of committing crime and other emotional events. Need for cognition and discrepancy detection in the misinformation effect. ![]() Reducing the misinformation effect through initial testing: Take two tests and recall me in the morning?. Inducing resistance to the misinformation effect by means of reinforced self-affirmation: The importance of positive feedback. Memory for flip-flopping: detection and recollection of political contradictions. In: Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference. Planting misinformation in the human mind: a 30-year investigation of the malleability of memory. Whatever gave you that idea? False memories following equivalence training: a behavioral account of the misinformation effect. Leading questions and the eyewitness report. In these cases, the misleading information is much easier to retrieve, effectively blocking the retrieval of the original, correct information. The passage of time: If the misleading information is presented some time after the original memory, it is likely to be much more accessible in memory.Repeated exposure to misinformation: The more often people are exposed to misleading information, the more likely they are to incorrectly believe that the misinformation was part of the original event.People often forget the original source of information, which means that they might mistakenly believe that a piece of information was something they observed personally when, in reality, it was something they heard in a post-event news report. Reading or watching news reports: Reading news stories and watching television reports of an accident or event can also contribute to the misinformation effect.Their reports might conflict with the original memory of an event, and the new information might reshape or distort a witness's original memory of the events as they occurred. Discussing the event with other witnesses: Talking to other witnesses following an event can distort a person's original memory.
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